Politics and Democracy in Evolving Societies

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Politics is one of the greatest innovations in mankind’s history. It deals with coordinating human activities being undertaken to support their lives using scarce resources. It was put to action for the first time when clans in pre-civilization society agreed to co-manage overlapping gathering (fruits and roots) and fishing areas to avoid unnecessary skirmishes among them (Lewis Henry Morgan, 1877). This is consistent with Thomas Hobbes’ (1588-1679) theory arguing for government as a preferred entity in a civilized society to natural state (Hobbes, Leviathan, 1651).  Scarcity of resources is therefore at the core of politics.  Applied democratically, it enables a society of diverse desires and aspirations to forge common goals and strategies for the benefit of all involved. Strategy is used here to mean a set of policies designed to run the governmental machine to make achieving societal goals at least cost possible. This includes fostering citizens to unleash their natural talents to serve themselves and contribute to society in the way they know best.

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