In the introduction to his Treatise of Human Nature, David Hume (1711–1776) describes the intellectual scene before him as a “noise and clamor” in which every trivial question was debated, but nothing important was ever settled. Hence arose “a common prejudice against metaphysical reasonings of all kinds, even among those, who profess themselves, scholars.” Thinkers such as Descartes, Locke, and Berkeley had apparently succeeded in undermining the basis of our basic beliefs about the world but had not succeeded in erecting anything substantial in their place. Hume is rightly counted among the great philosophical skeptics, yet his primary aim is not destructive. His philosophical project, as he saw it, was to establish a new foundation for philosophy on the ground cleared by skepticism.