This book is a study of the origins and evolution of an Ethiopian insurgent movement, the Tigray People’s Liberation Front, that emerged some 34 years ago and has determined much of contemporary Ethiopia’s political development. The study is primarily a narrative political and military history but also intends to address general sociological issues of ethnic-based inequality, political conflict, social mobilization and revolutionary armed resistance in a developing country. In this Introduction I outline the main issues of the study and present arguments for the relevance of the extended case study for an understanding of conditions for armed rebellion in Africa and of recent Ethiopian political history in particular.