A word about the title of my paper. It departs rather substantially from the assigned title (“What Ever Happened to Previous Calls for a ‘New Federalism?’”), as well as the prior assumptions with which I began work on this project. That original title fitted comfortably with what might be called a standard historical approach: review past incidents of change, whether proposed or actuated, and chronicle the evolution of the principle, practice, or institution in question. With respect to federalism, a version of the conventional historical wisdom long conformed to that formulation, assessing American federalism as a story of successive phases that added up to a cumulative advance of central at the expense of peripheral power. The path to that destination was usually signposted as Civil War, Progressive Era, World War I, New Deal, World War II, Great Society.