Democracy and the Relevance Realization of Distributed Cognition: Can Collective Intelligence Become Collective Wisdom?

John Vervaeke has been teaching at the University of Toronto since 1994 and became an Associate Professor in 2019. He currently teaches courses in the Psychology department on thinking and reasoning with an emphasis on insight problem solving, cognitive development with an emphasis on the dynamical nature of development, and higher cognitive processes with an …

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The Four Nobel Truths

These instructions are known as the “four noble truths.” They are called “noble truths” because they are superior and non-deceptive instructions. Read more

About Buddha: The Founder of Buddhism

In general, “Buddha” means “Awakened One,” someone who has awakened from the sleep of ignorance and sees things as they really are. A Buddha is a person who is completely free from all faults and mental obstructions. There are many people who have become Buddhas in the past, and many people will become Buddhas in …

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What changed during the axial age: Cognitive styles or reward systems?

The ‘Axial Age’ (500–300 BCE) refers to the period during which most of the main religious and spiritual traditions emerged in Eurasian societies. Although the Axial Age has recently been the focus of increasing interest,1-5 its existence is still very much in dispute. The main reason for questioning the existence of the Axial Age is that …

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What was the Upper Paleolithic Revolution?

The Upper Paleolithic Revolution occurred during the final era of the Late Stone Age between 10,000 and 50,000 years ago, just before the practice of agriculture became widespread. Research also indicates that this is the period in history when modern Homo sapiens sapiens (Cro-Magnons) began to replace the Neanderthal humans. This revolution is characterized by significant changes …

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The Archaeological Framework of the Upper Paleolithic Revolution

The Upper Palaeolithic Revolution, sometimes called ‘the Creative Explosion’, is seen as the period when the forefathers of modern forager societies emerged. Similarly to the Industrial and Neolithic Revolutions, it represents a short time span when numerous inventions appeared and cultural changes occurred. The inventions were in the domain of technology, that is, shaping of …

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How random events have shaped the course of human history

Sometime around 193 B.C., the celebrated Roman general Scipio Africanus led a delegation from the Eternal City to modern-day Syria to tell its king, Antiochus III, to stay out of Greece. For the first time in history, this culturally and economically significant region had fallen under control of the Italians after a succession of wars …

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2022 Survey Of Investors, Retirement Savings, And ESG

Older investors who rely on retirement savings to pay for living expenses are largely opposed to ESG initiatives and unwilling to suffer financial loss to advance environmental and social goals. ESG is overwhelmingly supported by young investors who want investment managers to take an active stance on climate change, diversity, and other stakeholder initiatives.  Read …

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The Issues That Will Decide the Mid-term Election

As we approach the conclusion of the 2022 election season, the political environment appears to have drifted halfway between early-year extremes. Prior to the Supreme Court’s decision on abortion rights, the GOP seemed poised to ride economic issues – particularly inflation – to a convincing midterm victory. The court’s ruling in Dobbs pushed the momentum back toward …

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