American Indian Wars: Timeline

For more than 250 years, as Europeans sought to control newly settled American land, wars raged between Native Americans and the frontiersmen who encroached on their territory, resources and trade. Known as the American Indian Wars, the conflicts involved Indigenous people, the English, French, Spanish and U.S. Army and ended with massive Native American population and …

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Origins and Historical Antecedents of the Second Amendment to the United States Constitution

The origins of the Second Amendment can be traced to ancient Roman and Florentine times, but its English origins developed in the late 16th century when Queen Elizabeth I instituted a national militia in which individuals of all classes were required by law to take part to defend the realm. Although Elizabeth’s attempt to establish a national militia failed miserably, the ideology of the militia …

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The Prehistoric Ages: How Humans Lived Before Written Records

Earth’s beginnings can be traced back 4.5 billion years, but human evolution only counts for a tiny speck of its history. The Prehistoric Period—or when there was human life before records documented human activity—roughly dates from 2.5 million years ago to 1,200 B.C. It is generally categorized in three archaeological periods: the Stone Age, Bronze Age and Iron Age. …

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The U.S. made the right moves against Russia. It’s time to do the same to Israel. (Ayman Mohyeldin)

On Wednesday, the Israeli military invaded the Palestinian city of Nablus in the occupied West Bank, killing at least 11 Palestinians and injuring scores more.  But it was the deadly occupation by another military power that consumed much of the West and its media’s attention. Just as Israel was once again raiding Palestinian territories, President Joe Biden …

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Gaetano Mosca (1858 – 1941) 3

Mosca is most famous for his works on political theory, Sulla teorica dei governi e sul governo parlamentare (Theory of Governments and Parliamentary Government), published in 1884; Elementi di scienza politica (The Ruling Class), published in 1896; and Storia delle dottrine politiche (History of Political Doctrines), published in 1936. His enduring contribution to political science is the observation that all but …

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MOSCA, GAETANO (1858–1941) 2

Gaetano Mosca, an Italian legal and political theorist and statesman, was born in Palermo. He was one of several social theorists, including Vilfredo Pareto and Robert Michels, who gave currency to the conception of ruling elites and their circulation as being the basic characteristic of politically organized societies. Mosca outlined his conception in Sulla teorica dei governi e sul …

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Gaetano Mosca (1858–1941)

Italian political scientist, was born in Palermo, Sicily. He took his law degree there in 1881 with the thesis I fattori della nazionalità. The thesis foreshadows some of the characteristics of Mosca’s later writings: his detachment from the ideological climate of the risorgimento and his lively sense of history, which acted as a corrective to his strongly positivistic approach. …

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Cuban Missile Crisis

In October 1962, an American U-2 spy plane secretly photographed nuclear missile sites being built by the Soviet Union on the island of Cuba. President Kennedy did not want the Soviet Union and Cuba to know that he had discovered the missiles. He met in secret with his advisors for several days to discuss the …

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