What Actually Caused the Russo-French War of 1812?

What was it fought over? Why did Napoleon risk invading Russia? And who devised the plan of destroying the Great Army inside Russian territory? In this article, we do not go into the military details of Napoleon’s 1812 campaign against Russia – you can read them here. Rather, this article is aimed at explaining the political …

Read More

Napoleon’s Retreat from Moscow

The Russians refused to come to terms, and both military and political dangers could be foreseen if the French were to winter in Moscow. After waiting for a month, Napoleon began his retreat, his army now 110,000 strong, on October 19, 1812. His first intention was to retire via Kaluga and thus to make a long detour through more …

Read More

The U.S. History Primary Source Timeline

Until the end of the Seven Years’ War in 1763, few colonists in British North America objected to their place in the British Empire. Colonists in British America reaped many benefits from the British imperial system and bore few costs for those benefits. Indeed, until the early 1760s, the British mostly left their American colonies …

Read More

The War of 1812/The Second War of Independence

Sometimes referred to as the “Second War of Independence,” the War of 1812 was the first large scale test of the American republic on the world stage. With the British Navy impressing American sailors, and the British government aiding Native American tribes in their attacks on American citizens on the frontier, Congress, for the first …

Read More

From Barbarism to Civilization

The course of human events is not an eternal round. In the wisdom of the ancients, there are many proverbs to the effect that which is, has been before, and will be again. So far as human experience extends, unaided by reason, days and nights come and go, winter follows summer and summer follows winter …

Read More

Expertise and Regulatory Science

Beginning with The Fifth Branch, I have examined the ways in which scientific and technical advice shore up the legitimacy of public decisions. That book introduced and developed the concept of “regulatory science” as a distinct domain of scientific production, accountable to epistemic as well as normative demands in ways that help explain why it is …

Read More

የፌድራል ፖሊስ ኃይል የዕውቅና እና የምሥጋና ሥነ ሥርዓት

የኢትዮጵያ ፌድራል ፖሊስ በተለያዩ የኃይል ዘርፎች ተደራጅተው አገልግሎት ለሚሠጡ አባሎች ዕውቅና እና ምሥጋና በሠጠበት ወቅት የነበሩ ትዕይንቶች በዚህ ቪዲዮ አማካኝነት ቀርበዋል። በጣም የሚደንቁ እና ደስ የሚሉ አድረጃጀቶች ናቸው። ችግሩ እነዚህ የፈረጠመ የችግር መከላካያ ክንድ ስለሆኑ ለምን ይህን ያህል ዝግጅት አስፈለገ የሚል ጥያቄ ያስነሳሉ። መልሱ ደግሞ በመጀመሪያ የጸጥታ ሥጋት መኖሩ ሲሆን የሥጋቱ መነሻ የፖለቲካ መበላሸት እንደ …

Read More

Thomas Hobbes: Moral and Political Philosophy

The English philosopher Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) is best known for his political thought, and deservedly so. His vision of the world is strikingly original and still relevant to contemporary politics. His main concern is the problem of social and political order: how human beings can live together in peace and avoid the danger and fear …

Read More

Why the Electoral College

The Electoral College was created for two reasons. The first purpose was to create a buffer between the population and the selection of a President. The second as part of the structure of the government that gave extra power to the smaller states. Read more

What is the Electoral College?

The Electoral College is a process, not a place. The Founding Fathers established it in the Constitution, in part, as a compromise between the election of the President by a vote in Congress and election of the President by a popular vote of qualified citizens. Read more